Forebyggelse og behandling af kvalme og opkastninger hos børn og unge i kemoterapi og stråleterapi

Formål: 

Forbyggelse og behandling af kvalme og opkastninger hos børn og unge i kemoterapi og strålebehandling

Målgrupper og anvendelsesområde

Læger og sygeplejersker der behandler børn og unge i kemoterapi eller strålebehandling i afdeling ###TELEFON###

Definitioner.

 

Mekanismer af kemoterapi-induceret kvalme/opkastninger

 

Kvalmebehandlingen bør:

1. Klassificer kemoterapiens emetogene risiko [1,2].

###TABEL_1###

Bemærk: Der er angivet doser hvor emetogeniciteten afhænger af præparatets dosis. Doser for præparaterne i de oprindelige studier kan findes i review [2].

 

Radioterapi/strålebehandling: 

 

2. Vurder om patienten tidligere har haft manglende effekt af antiemetika-regimet.

Opjuster den antiemetiske profylakse ved fremtidig kemoterapi hvis patienten i den foregående tilsvarende serie havde:

Obs risikofaktorer:

 

3. Match antiemetika-regimet til kemoterapiens emetogene risiko og eventuelle kontraindikationer [4–7].

Behandlingsvejledningen findes som flowcharts i bilag 1.

###TABEL_2###

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kontraindikationer:

 

4. Anbefalede doser og antal administrationer af antimetika

###TABEL_3###

 

 

5. Husk behandlingsvarigheden (for at forebygge sen kvalme og opkast).

 

 6. Husk non-farmakologiske/understøttende tiltag.

Du skal sikre dig at familien har fået udleveret pjecen " Hvordan kan vi forebygge og behandle kvalme hos børn og unge i kemoterapi - Information og vejledning til forældre". Denne understøtter bl.a de Non-farmarkologsike tiltag.

Du bør:

Mad og drikke:

Mad og drikke der kan være nemmere at spise ved kvalme:

Mad og drikke der kan nedsætte kvalme:

 

7. Vurder dagligt effekten af kvalmeforebyggelsen, obs. gennembrudskvalme/opkastning.

 

8. Inden udskrivelse

Afstem med patienten (den unge) og familien:

 

OBS: Denne aktuelle instruks er ikke i overenstemmelse med nuværende DAPHO instruks. Dette forventes afstemt ved førstkommende DAPHO møde ( Feb 2021)

 

Bilag 1. Flowcharts over anbefalet forebyggende antiemetisk behandling

Bilag


Ansvar og organisering

Forfattere og afdelingens læger i Afdeling for Børn og Unge er ansvarlige for implementering af denne instruks

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Referencer, lovgivning og faglig evidens samt links hertil
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Referencer, lovgivning og faglig evidens samt links hertil

Referencer:

[1]                       Dupuis LL, Boodhan S, Sung L, Portwine C, Hain R, McCarthy P, et al. Guideline for the classification of the acute emetogenic potential of antineoplastic medication in pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:191–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.23114.

[2]                       Paw Cho Sing E, Robinson PD, Flank J, Holdsworth M, Thackray J, Freedman J, et al. Classification of the acute emetogenicity of chemotherapy in pediatric patients: A clinical practice guideline. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019;66:e27646. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27646.

[3]                       Dupuis LL, Tomlinson GA, Pong A, Sung L, Bickham K. Factors Associated With Chemotherapy-Induced Vomiting Control in Pediatric Patients Receiving Moderately or Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Pooled Analysis. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 2020;38:2499–509. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.00134.

[4]                       Patel P, Robinson PD, Thackray J, Flank J, Holdsworth MT, Gibson P, et al. Guideline for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients: A focused update. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017;64. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.26542.

[5]                       Dupuis LL, Sung L, Molassiotis A, Orsey AD, Tissing W, van de Wetering M. 2016 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: Prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children. Support Care Cancer Off J Multinatl Assoc Support Care Cancer 2017;25:323–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-016-3384-y.

[6]                       Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Basch E, Bohlke K, Barbour SY, Clark-Snow RA, et al. Antiemetics: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 2017;35:3240–61. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.74.4789.

[7]                       Phillips RS, Friend AJ, Gibson F, Houghton E, Gopaul S, Craig JV, et al. Antiemetic medication for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in childhood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007786.pub3.

[8]                       Dupuis LL, Nathan PC. Optimizing Emetic Control in Children Receiving Antineoplastic Therapy. Pediatr Drugs 2010;12:51–61. https://doi.org/10.2165/11316190-000000000-00000.

[9]                       Straathof CS, van den Bent MJ, Ma J, Schmitz PI, Kros JM, Stoter G, et al. The effect of dexamethasone on the uptake of cisplatin in 9L glioma and the area of brain around tumor. J Neurooncol 1998;37:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005835212246.

[10]                     Patel P, Leeder JS, Piquette‐Miller M, Dupuis LL. Aprepitant and fosaprepitant drug interactions: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017;83:2148–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13322.

[11]                     Jaing T-H, Tsay P-K, Hung I-J, Yang C-P, Hu W-Y. Single-dose oral granisetron versus multidose intravenous ondansetron for moderately emetogenic cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy in pediatric outpatients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2004;21:227–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/08880010490427351.

[12]                     Mabro M, Cohn R, Zanesco L, Madon E, Hahlen K, Margueritte G, et al. [Oral granisetron solution as prophylaxis for chemotherapy-induced emesis in children: double-blind study of 2 doses]. Bull Cancer (Paris) 2000;87:259–64.

[13]                     Kovács G, Wachtel AE, Basharova EV, Spinelli T, Nicolas P, Kabickova E. Palonosetron versus ondansetron for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in paediatric patients with cancer receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a randomised, phase 3, double-blind, double-dummy, non-inferiority study. Lancet Oncol 2016;17:332–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00520-3.

[14]                     Patel P, Olteanu A, Cabral S, Santesso N, Robinson PD, Dupuis LL. Dexamethasone dosing for prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced vomiting in pediatric patients: A systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020;67:e28716. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.28716.

[15]                     McCrea JB, Majumdar AK, Goldberg MR, Iwamoto M, Gargano C, Panebianco DL, et al. Effects of the neurokinin1 receptor antagonist aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;74:17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9236(03)00066-3.

[16]                     Marbury TC, Ngo PL, Shadle CR, Jin B, Panebianco D, Caro L, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oral dexamethasone and midazolam when administered with single-dose intravenous 150 mg fosaprepitant in healthy adult subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2011;51:1712–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270010387792.

[17]                     Nathan PC, Tomlinson G, Dupuis LL, Greenberg ML, Ota S, Bartels U, et al. A pilot study of ondansetron plus metopimazine vs. ondansetron monotherapy in children receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a Bayesian randomized serial N-of-1 trials design. Support Care Cancer Off J Multinatl Assoc Support Care Cancer 2006;14:268–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-005-0875-7.

[18]                     Herrstedt J, Jørgensen M, Angelo HR, Rassing MR, Møller-Sonnergaard J, Dombernowsky P. Bioavailability of the antiemetic metopimazine given as a microenema. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996;41:613–5. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.35220.x.

[19]                     Dupuis LL, Robinson PD, Boodhan S, Holdsworth M, Portwine C, Gibson P, et al. Guideline for the prevention and treatment of anticipatory nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy in pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1506–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25063.

[20]                     Naik RD, V S, Singh V, Pillai AS, Dhawan D, Bakhshi S. Olanzapine for Prevention of Vomiting in Children and Adolescents Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: Investigator-Initiated, Randomized, Open-Label Trial. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 2020;38:3785–93. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.00871.

[21]                     Radhakrishnan V, Pai V, Rajaraman S, Mehra N, Ganesan T, Dhanushkodi M, et al. Olanzapine versus metoclopramide for the treatment of breakthrough chemotherapy-induced vomiting in children: An open-label, randomized phase 3 trial. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020:e28532. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.28532.

[22]                     Flank J, Schechter T, Gibson P, Johnston DL, Orsey AD, Portwine C, et al. Olanzapine for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children and adolescents: a multi-center, feasibility study. Support Care Cancer Off J Multinatl Assoc Support Care Cancer 2018;26:549–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3864-8.

[23]                     Flank J, Robinson PD, Holdsworth M, Phillips R, Portwine C, Gibson P, et al. Guideline for the Treatment of Breakthrough and the Prevention of Refractory Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Children With Cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016;63:1144–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25955.

[24]                     Pehrson S, Dansk Cardiologisk Selskab, Dansk Psykiatrisk Selskab. Arytmi-risiko ved anvendelse af psykofarmaka. Kbh.: Dansk Cardiologisk Selskab : Dansk Psykiatrisk Selskab; 2011.

 

 

 

 


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